Includes bibliographical references (p. [155]-169) and indexes.

Part 1 What goes on in the translator's mind?: types of empirical research; methodological problems with think-aloud protocols - choice of subjects, elicitation methods, explanatory models and text material; some unsuccessful mental processes - symptoms and diagnoses - interferences, fear of interferences, faulty one-to-one correspondences, misuse of bilingual dictionaries, misuse of world knowledge and one's own experiences, incomplete paraphrasing; desirable attitudes - self-awareness and self-confidence; error analysis revisited. Part 2 Creativity in translation: point of departure; cognition and the four-phase model; fluency of thinking; divergent thinking; emotions; evaluation; teaching creative translation. Part 3 Pragmatic analysis: overview; situational dimensions; communicative functions of utterances, texts and translations; the cultural background; pragmatics and text types; instruction leaflets and manuals - a case study; some didactic implications. Part 4 The analysis of meaning: overview; meaning, comprehension and translation; Bedroom - a prototypical case; similar cases; Lexical gaps and how to fill them; teaching meaning, comprehension and translation. Part 5 Text analysis and the use of dictionaries: harmony between monolingual dictionaries and context; problems with examples; dictionary versus context; unusual use; stylistic labels; teaching the use of dictionaries. Part 6 Evaluation and errors: opposing views among teachers of translation; categories for evaluation - cultural adequacy, situational adequacy, speech acts, meaning of words, Language errors; source text defects. Part 7 A summary of strategies: the rational approach; solving translation problems; evaluating translations.

This is a comprehensive text describing the methods of translation. The book includes chapters on: creativity in translation; pragmatic analysis; evaluation and errors; and text analysis and the use of dictionaries.