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008			081012s1990 enk | 000 0 eng d
020			_a0194370038
020			_a019437002X
039		9	_a201402040049 _bVLOAD _c201005250936 _dmalmash _c200811191129 _dvenkatrajand _c200810130851 _dvenkatrajand _y200810121019 _zstaff
050			_aP53.4 _b.B33 1990
100	1		_aBachman, Lyle F., _d1944- _917974
245	1	0	_aFundamental Considerations in Language Testing / _cLyle F. Bachman
260			_aOxford : _bOxford University Press, _c1990
300			_axi, 408 p ; _c25 cm
490	0		_aOxford English
504			_aIncludes bibliography and index
505			_aTable of contents: Preface; 1. Introduction; The aims of the book; The climate for language testing; Research and development: needs and problems; Research and development: an agenda; Overview of the book; Notes; 2. Measurement; Introduction; Definition of terms: measurement, test, evaluation; Essential measurement qualities; Properties of measurement scales; Characteristics that limit measurement; Steps in measurement; Summary; Notes; Further reading; Discussion questions; 3. Uses of Language Tests; Introduction; Uses of language tests in educational programs; Research uses of language tests; Features for classifying different types of language test; Summary; Further reading; Discussion questions; 4. Communicative Language Ability; Introduction; Language proficiency and communicative competence; A theoretical framework of communicative language ability; Summary; Notes; Further reading; Discussion questions; 5. Test Methods; Introduction; A framework of test method facets; Applications of this framework to language testing; Summary; Notes; Further reading; Discussion questions; 6. Reliability; Introduction; Factors that affect language test scores; Classical true score measurement theory; Generalizability theory; Standard error of measurement; Interpreting individual test scores within classical true score and generalizability theory; Item response theory; Reliability of criterion-referenced test scores; Factors that affect reliability estimates; Systematic measurement error; Summary; Notes; Further reading; Discussion questions; 7. Validation; Introduction; Reliability and validity revisited; Validity as a unitary concept; The evidential basis of validity; Test bias; The consequential or ethical basis of validity; Post mortem: face validity; Summary; Notes; Further reading; Discussion questions; 8. Some Persistent Problems and Future Directions; Introduction; Authentic language tests; Some future directions; A general model for explaining performance on language tests; Apologia et p
520			_aHere is a clear and authoritative discussion of the basic concerns which underlie the development and use of language tests, and an up-to-date synthesis of research on testing. Primarily for students on teacher education courses, it is also an invaluable resource for all those professionally involved in designing and administering tests, acting as a complement to practical 'how to' books. Winner MLA Kenneth W Mildenberger Prize
650		0	_aLanguage and languages _xAbility testing _9852
942			_2lcc _n0 _cBK
999			_c6899 _d6899