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008			080927s2000 enk | 000 0 eng d
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039		9	_a201402040049 _bVLOAD _c201005241350 _dmalmash _c200810071410 _dalawaid _c200809271301 _dNoora _y200809271301 _zNoora
050			_aP53.4 _b.M25 2000
100	1		_aMcNamara, T. F. _q(Timothy Francis), _d1949- _924806
245	1	0	_aLanguage testing / _cTim McNamara.
260			_aOxford : _bOxford University Press, _c2000.
300			_axv, 140 p. ; _c20 cm.
440		0	_aOxford introductions to language study _9823
504			_aIncludes bibliographical references.
505			_aPreface; Author's preface; section 1; Survey; 1 Testing, testing ... What is a language test?; Understanding language testing; Types of test; Test purpose; The criterion; The test-criterion relationship; Conclusion; 2 Communication and the design of language tests; Discrete point tests; Integrative and pragmatic tests; Communicative language tests; Models of communicative ability; Conclusion; 3 The testing cycle; Understanding the constraints; Test content; Test method; Authenticity of response; Fixed and constructed response formats; Test specifications; Test trials; Conclusion; 4 The rating process; Establishing a rating procedure; The problem with raters; Establishing a framework for making judgements; Rating scales; Holistic and analytic ratings; Rater training; Conclusion; 5 Validity: testing the test; Threats to test validity; Test content; Test method and test construct; The impact of tests; Conclusion; 6 Measurement; Introduction; Measurement; Quality control for raters; Investigating the properties of individual test items; Norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measurement; New approaches to measurement; Conclusion; 7 The social character of language tests; Introduction; The institutional character of assessment; Assessment and social policy; Assessment and educational policy; The social responsibility of the language tester; Ethical language testing; Accountability; Washback; Test impact; Codes of professional ethics for language testers; Critical language testing; Conclusion; 8 New directions-and dilemmas?; Computers and language testing; Technology and the testing of speaking; Dilemmas: whose performance?; section 2; Readings; section 3; References; section 4; Glossary
520			_aThis accessible book examines issues such as test design, the rating process, validity, measurement, and the social dimension of language testing. It looks at both traditional and newer forms of language assessment, and the challenges posed by new views.
650		0	_aLanguage and languages _xAbility testing. _9852
650		0	_aLanguage and languages _xExaminations. _924807
942			_2lcc _n0 _cBK
999			_c10207 _d10207